后基因组时代基因组重排在微生物菌种选育中的应用及展望

Progress in genome shuffling in the post genomic era for microbial strains improvement

摘要:

基因组重排作为一种实用高效的育种技术，在缺乏遗传背景认知和可操作遗传体系等条件下，可以突破微生物种属间的限制，经过多轮递推的原生质体融合来加速其人工定向进化，在微生物菌种改良及代谢产物开发和产业化等研究领域得到了广泛应用。步入后基因组时代，快速发展的组学和生物信息学使基因组重排成为连接各种微生物育种方法的重要纽带，为我们深入探索微生物复杂的代谢网络和全局调控机制，更为精准地实施对微生物的人工调控和定向进化提供了契机。本文系统性地回顾了近年来基因组重排在微生物菌种选育中的应用研究，尤其针对围绕其开展的组学研究进行了详细阐述，并对基因组重排与组学、生物信息学和合成生物学等新兴技术的联合应用进行了展望。

Abstract:

As a practical and efficient strain breeding technology, genome shuffling has circumvented the essential requirements of comprehensively cognized genetic background and operable genetic system for the microbial manipulations, and could break through the species limit to accelerate the directed evolution of important microorganisms via the recursive protoplasts fusion. Hence it has been widely applied for the strain improvement and the industrial development of various metabolites in the microorganisms. In the post genomic era, the rapid development of omics and bioinformatics make genome shuffling as an important bridge to link different strain breeding methods, and enable us to explore the complex metabolic networks and global regulatory mechanisms in microbes, which provides an opportunity to design the accurate manipulation for the directed evolution of target microorganism. This paper has systematically summarized the recent applications of genome shuffling in the microbial strain improvement, the research progresses involving related studies in genomics, transcriptomics and proteinomics are especially described in detail. Moreover, the great potential of combinative applications of genome shuffling with omics, bioinformatics, and synthetic biology, are also forecasted.