新疆石河子地区甜樱桃采后腐烂致病真菌的分离鉴定

Isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi in rotten sweet cherry from Shihezi, Xinjiang

摘要:

【背景】甜樱桃果实柔软多汁，采后腐烂率高。石河子是新疆新兴的甜樱桃种植地区之一，但由于采后储运不当造成巨大的经济损失。【目的】鉴定石河子地区的甜樱桃果实腐烂病原菌，以期提高该地区甜樱桃的采后品质、延长货架期。【方法】从石河子136团种植的甜樱桃腐坏组织中分离真菌菌株，根据柯赫氏法则将分离得到的菌株重新接种到健康的甜樱桃果实上确定其致病性；结合形态学和真菌核糖体转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)序列分析对致病真菌进行鉴定。【结果】从石河子地区甜樱桃腐烂的果肉中分离出5类丝状真菌，其中3类是甜樱桃果实的致病真菌，转录间隔区序列比对确定3类真菌中代表菌株分别为易脆毛霉(Mucor fragilis)、镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)和干酪青霉(Penicillium camemberti)。【结论】导致新疆石河子地区甜樱桃果实腐烂的致病真菌主要有易脆毛霉(Mucor fragilis)、镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)和干酪青霉(Penicillium camemberti)。

Abstract:

[Background] Sweet cherries are highly perishable fruits because of their tender and juicy flesh. Shihezi is one of the newly plantation area of sweet cherry in Xinjiang, however, the economic losses caused by postharvest rot are huge. [Objective] In order to improve the postharvest quality and prolong shelf life of sweet cherry, this study aims to isolate and identify the pathogens from sweet cherry harvested in Shihezi. [Methods] Fungal strains were isolated from decayed sweet cherry harvested from 136 regiment, Shihezi, and these strains were inoculated back to healthy sweet cherry to test the pathogenicity according to the Koch’s postulates. Pathogens were identified using morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences analysis. [Results] Five types of filamentous fungi were isolated from the rotten tissue of sweet cherry, in which three types were pathogens of sweet cherry fruit harvested in Shihezi. The representative strains were identified by internal transcribed spacer sequences as Mucor fragilis, Fusarium sp. and Penicillium camemberti, respectively. [Conclusion] M. fragilis, Fusarium sp. and P. camemberti were pathogens causing postharvest rot on sweet cherry harvested in Shihezi, Xinjiang.