草原与荒漠植物内生真菌次生代谢产物研究进展

Advance on secondary metabolites of grassland and desert plants endophytic fungi

摘要:

草原与荒漠植物内生真菌是一类特殊生境真菌类群，由于其独特的生存与生态环境，该类真菌在进化的过程中产生出具有不同生态与生物功能的次生代谢产物。相对于其他植物内生真菌而言，该类真菌化学研究相对薄弱与零散，但是目前仍然从这类特殊生境真菌类群中发现了大量结构新颖、活性独特并具有不同化学生态与生物功能的次生代谢产物。本文主要从化学结构角度综述近年来从草原与荒漠植物内生真菌中分离的次生代谢产物(生物碱、聚酮、酚酸、萜类、环肽等5类结构)、药理活性(抗病毒，免疫调节，促进骨髓增殖，细胞毒及Hsp90抑制剂活性等)与化学生态功能活性(杀虫、拒食与动物神经毒活性等)，拟为该类特殊生境真菌类群次生代谢产物进一步开发提供研究基础与理论依据，同时对该领域研究存在的问题进行分析与探讨并提出展望。

Abstract:

Endophytic fungi from desert and grassland areas are an ecologically important, though poorly studied, class of fungi in terms of chemistry with potentially and vitally ecological or biological roles. Though limited secondary metabolites isolated up to date compared with those of other fungi, there still are many secondary metabolites with novel structure features and potentially biological activities purified from this member of special fungi. In this paper, the different types of secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi inhabiting in grassland and desert plants were reviewed from the perspectives of structural types (alkaloids, polyketides, phenolic acids, terpenoids and cyclic peptides), pharmacological activities (antiviral, immunoregulation, promotion of bone marrow proliferation, cytotoxicity and Hsp90 inhibitor activity) and ecological roles (insecticidal, antifeedant and animal neurotoxic activity). This review might provide a solid foundation for further chemical and biological investigation of this special family of endophytic fungi. Finally, the existing problems in this field are analyzed and discussed, and the prospect is also put forward.