羧酶体的组成、结构、功能和检测及其在脱氮细菌中的意义

Composition, structure, function and detection of carboxysome and their significance to nitrogen-removal bacteria

摘要:

羧酶体(Carboxysome)是一种具有CO2浓缩功能的“类细胞器”，它存在于自养型脱氮细菌中，可增强细菌的自养生长能力。硝化细菌、厌氧氨氧化细菌和部分反硝化细菌都是重要的自养型脱氮细菌，探明其羧酶体的组成、结构和功能，将有助于揭示自养型脱氮菌的生长规律，进而强化生物脱氮过程。基于文献阅读和相关研究，本文对自养型细菌中羧酶体在组成、结构、功能和检测等方面的研究进展进行综述，以期为自养生物脱氮过程的深入理解和优化改进提供参考。

Abstract:

Carboxysome is an organelle-like structure that can concentrate CO2 from the environment. It exists in some autotrophic microorganisms and can promote cell growth. Among nitrogen-removal microorganisms, nitrifying bacteria, anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) bacteria and some denitrifying bacteria are autotrophic microorganisms. Understanding the composition, structure and function of carboxysome is helpful to reveal the growth of autotrophic microorganisms and to optimize the process of biological nitrogen-removal. Based on the literatures and our researches, the composition, structure, function and detection of carboxysome in autotrophic bacteria are summarized in this paper.