镰刀菌分子鉴定与重要应用的研究进展

Progress in molecular identification in the genus Fusarium and its important applications

摘要:

镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)在土壤及动植物体内广泛分布。由于其形态变异大，有关镰刀菌的分类一直是一个难题。随着PCR技术发展，镰刀菌的分子标记和rDNA分析等鉴定方法的建立，提高了镰刀菌形态学鉴定的准确性，为镰刀菌进一步研究和应用奠定了基础。镰刀菌能产生多种重要的酶类，包括纤维酶、果胶酶和木聚糖水解酶等。通过生物转化可获得重要药物或药物中间体，因此具有潜在商业价值。镰刀菌能降解多种环境污染物，在环境保护中具有重要潜力。特别是能通过生物转化生产生物乙醇，解决能源危机问题。本文较详细地介绍了镰刀菌的鉴定和产酶情况，对镰刀菌产生的主要酶的性质、作用以及在生产生物乙醇方面的应用进行了详细综述。

Abstract:

Fusarium is a large genus of filamentous fungi and widely distributed in soil and associated with plants. Because of its great morphological variation, the classification of Fusarium has always been a thorny problem in the academic circle. With the PCR technology, the identification methods of molecular markers and rDNA analysis of Fusarium improved the accuracy of morphological identification, and laid a foundation for further research and application of Fusarium. Fusarium can produce a variety of key enzymes, including cellulase, pectinase and xylan hydrolase. The important drugs or drug intermediates can be obtained via the bio-transformation, so they have potential commercial value. Fusarium can degrade a variety of environmental pollutants and has important potential in environmental protection. In particular, biological ethanol can be produced through biological transformation to solve the energy crisis. In the paper, the identification and enzyme production of Fusarium species are described in detail. The properties of the main enzymes from Fusarium and the application in the production of bioethanol are reviewed in detail.