CRISPR/Cas9技术在微生物研究中的应用进展

Application progress of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in microbiological research

摘要:

CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR associated proteins)系统是在细菌和古生菌中发现的一种RNA指导的降解入侵病毒或质粒DNA的适应性免疫系统。由II型CRISPR/Cas系统改造而成的CRISPR/Cas9技术已经被开发成一种强大的基因组编辑和表达调控工具，并且广泛应用于基因功能研究、代谢工程和合成生物学等领域。本文从CRISPR/Cas9系统的发现过程、分类、作用原理、在微生物研究中的应用进展等方面进行总结，并展望了该技术的应用前景。

Abstract:

CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR associated proteins) is an acquired immune system found in bacteria and archaea that degrade target sequences of DNA from invading viruses or plasmids in a RNA-guided manner. CRISPR/Cas9 technology modified from type II CRISPR/Cas system has been developed as a strong genome editing and expression regulation tool, and widely used for studying gene function, metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and other related fields. In this review, we summarize recent progress in development, classification, functional principle, applications and prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in microbes.