杆状病毒表达载体的应用现状

Current application status of baculovirus expression vector system

摘要:

杆状病毒是一类具有囊膜的双链环状DNA病毒，主要感染无脊椎动物，在病毒生活周期中会产生两种不同形态的病毒粒子：出芽型病毒粒子(BV)，主要负责细胞之间的感染；包埋型病毒粒子(ODV)，主要负责虫体之间的感染。随着对杆状病毒研究的不断深入，人们对杆状病毒的应用也越来越广泛，通过对病毒基因组的改造使其成为一种新颖的真核表达载体，现已被广泛应用于蛋白生产中；其次，由于杆状病毒特有的形态，可将靶蛋白展示在病毒粒子表面，进而被应用于诸如医药、临床和生物等多个研究领域中；此外，杆状病毒不能在哺乳动物细胞中进行复制，也不会在这类细胞中增殖和扩散。因此，杆状病毒不会刺激哺乳动物产生强烈的免疫应答，也不会对它们造成功能性的损伤，这些特性使其成为一种极具应用前景的基因治疗载体，给肿瘤治疗、组织再生和靶向给药等民生领域带来福音。本文就杆状病毒在蛋白表达、表面展示和基因治疗方面的研究进行综述，为杆状病毒的分子改造和临床应用提供依据。

Abstract:

Baculoviruses are enveloped viruses with double stranded DNA, and specifically infect invertebrates. It produces two types of virions during the life cycle: budded viruses (BVs) and occlusion-derived viruses (ODVs). Baculouvirus has been used as an efficient eukaryotic expression vector to produce recombinant viruses for the expression of heterologous proteins in insect cells. Furthermore, heterologous proteins displayed on the surface of BVs have been widely used to screen specific targets in the fields of medicine, clinical treatment, biology and so on. Moreover, Baculovirus is unable to proliferate in mammalian cells, so it won’t trigger strong immune response in mammals and won?t cause function and tissue damage. Due to these unique advantages, Baculovirus has been developed as a gene therapy vector with a bright prospect in the concerned fields of oncotherapy, tissue regeneration and targeting drugs delivery. This review summarizes the developments of genetically modified baculoviruses in the fields of protein expression, surface display and gene therapy, which will provide theoretical basis for the improvement and wide application of genetically modified baculoviruses.