不同能量代谢率的山羊瘤胃微生物结构与组成的差异性

Differences of microbial structure and composition in goat rumens with different energy metabolism efficiency

摘要:

【背景】能量代谢率是衡量饲粮利用效率的一个重要组成部分，提高反刍动物对不同营养物质所含能量的消化代谢率，有助于提高反刍动物对能量的利用效率。【目的】通过高通量测序技术比较不同能量代谢率的山羊瘤胃微生物结构与组成的差异。【方法】以19只山羊作为试验动物，通过代谢试验和呼吸测热试验筛选出高能量代谢率表型组(HEU)和低能量代谢率表型组(LEU)山羊各5只。分别采集HEU、LEU组每只山羊瘤胃内容物，提取微生物总DNA，用细菌通用引物对细菌16S rRNA基因的高可变区进行PCR扩增，利用Illumina MiSeq平台对扩增子进行高通量测序，并用QIIME等软件对测序序列进行生物信息学分析。【结果】拟杆菌门(44.20%±9.39%)、厚壁菌门(16.40%±5.44%)和变形菌门(11.30%±7.42%)在两组山羊瘤胃微生物中均为优势菌门，其中厚壁菌门是两组中共享的优势菌门。LEU组(6.71%±2.47%)中芽孢杆菌纲相对丰度显著高于HEU组(P<0.05)。两组相对丰度最高的目均为乳酸杆菌目，LEU组(4.98%±1.88%)乳酸杆菌目相对丰度显著高于HEU组(P<0.05)。在科水平，有7个科的相对丰度在组间差异性显著(P<0.05)。拟杆菌科在两组中均为相对丰度最高的科，LEU组(3.64%±1.32%)拟杆菌科的相对丰度显著高于HEU组(P<0.05)。在属水平，有9个属的相对丰度在组间差异性显著(P<0.05)。HEU组(0.61%±0.36%)仅有普雷沃氏菌属的相对丰度显著高于LEU组(0.16%±0.07%)，其他8个属的相对丰度均显著低于LEU组(P<0.05)。其中瘤胃球菌属在HEU组(2.53%±0.62%)和LEU组(4.19%±1.43%)中均为相对丰度最高的属。【结论】不同能量代谢率的山羊瘤胃微生物结构与组成存在显著性差异。

Abstract:

[Background] Energy metabolism efficiency was an important component of measuring the utilization rate of the diet. Improving the digestion and metabolism efficiency of the energy contained in different nutrients by ruminants was helpful to improve the energy use efficiency of ruminants. [Objective] The objective of this study was to compare the structure and composition of ruminal microbiome of goats with different energy metabolism efficiency using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology. [Methods] In total 19 goats were used as experimental animals, among them 5 goats with high energy metabolism efficiency were selected as HEU group and 5 goats with low energy metabolism efficiency as LEU group. Rumen fluid from each goat of HEU and LEU was collected and then total genomic DNA was extracted from the rumen fluids. High variable region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was amplified by PCR using bacterial universal primers. Analyzing amplicon sequence data on the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform and biological information analysis using QIIME software were done. [Results] Bacteroidetes (44.20%±9.39%), Firmicutes (16.40%±5.44%) and Proteobacteria (11.30%±7.42%) were the dominant bacteria in the rumen microorganisms of goats, among them Firmicutes was the dominant bacteria shared by the two groups. The relative abundance of Bacilli from LEU group (6.71%±2.47%) was significantly higher than that from HEU (P<0.05). The relative abundances of Lactobacillales of the two groups were the highest at the order level, and the relative abundance from LEU (4.98%±1.88%) was significantly higher than that from HEU (P<0.05). At the family level, the relative abundances of 7 families were significant differences in the two groups (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae was highest in the two groups, and Bacteroidaceae from group LEU (3.64%±1.32%) was significantly higher than that of group HEU (P<0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundances of 9 genus were significant differences (P<0.05). Only the relative abundance of Prevotella sp. from HEU (0.61%±0.36%) was higher than that in LEU (0.16%±0.07%), but the relative abundances of other 8 genus were significantly lower than LEU (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae sp. was the highest in HEU group (2.53%±0.62%) and LEU (4.19%±1.43%). [Conclusion] There are significant differences about structure and composition of rumen microorganisms among goats with different energy metabolism rate.