有效霉素A对棘孢木霉的影响及协同防治玉米纹枯病作用

Effect of Validamycin A on Trichoderma asperellum for synergistic control of maize sheath blight

摘要:

【背景】玉米纹枯病逐渐发展为制约我国玉米持续增产的主要病害，有效霉素A与生防菌木霉均对纹枯病菌具有抗性，但二者各有优缺点。【目的】研究有效霉素A与木霉菌协同作用的可行性，提高对玉米纹枯病的防治水平，实现抗生素类化学农药的减量使用，提高生态环境安全性。【方法】测定有效霉素A处理后的棘孢木霉GDSF1009的细胞壁降解酶及防御反应相关酶活性，烟草叶片验证活性氧及过敏性反应。利用转录组及气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用分析有效霉素A对GDSF1009基因表达差异及生长代谢的影响，并进行叶片及平皿协同抑菌实验。【结果】有效霉素A对棘孢木霉GDSF1009的几丁质酶、纤维素酶及木聚糖酶的活性无影响，有效霉素A未进入到棘孢木霉菌细胞内。在转录组水平，有效霉素A处理木霉24 h和48 h后，与对照相比，差异基因所占比例分别为8.932%和6.779%，有效霉素A对GDSF1009相关的糖类及脂类代谢没有显著影响，仅对氨基酸代谢相关的基因有一些影响，这些基因并不会造成氨基酸代谢的大量变化。同时验证了在二者联合使用时，可以显著地提高玉米纹枯病的防治效果。【结论】有效霉素A对棘孢木霉菌的初生代谢系统是比较安全的，二者协同作用的抗病效果显著高于单因子作用。

Abstract:

[Background] Maize sheath blight has grew into the main disease that restricted the increase in maize production in China. Validamycin A and biocontrol microbe Trichoderma sp. both have resistance to sheath blight but each of which provides benefits and drawbacks. [Objective] To study the synergy of Validamycin A and Trichoderma for the control of sheath blight of maize. [Methods] We determined the effect of Validamycin A on cell wall degradation enzymes and related enzyme in defense reaction of Trichoderma asperellum GDSF1009. We used tobacco leaves to validate reactive oxygen and its allergic reactions. We also used the transcriptome and gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry to analyze Validamycin A’s effect on the expression difference of genes, the growth and the metabolism of GDSF1009 and carried out the experiment on the synergistic inhibition of leaf and plate. [Results] Validamycin A had no effect on the activities of chitinase, cellulase and xylanase of GDSF1009 and did not get into the cell. At the level of transcriptome, compared with the controls, the proportions of different genes in Trichoderma asperellum were 8.932% and 6.779% respectively after 24 h and 48 h treated by Validamycin A. Validamycin A had no significant influence on carbohydrate and lipid and only had some influences on genes related to amino acid metabolism. These genes would not change amino acid metabolism much. Furthermore, the combination of the Validamycin A and Trichoderma asperellum can significantly improve the effect of prevention of maize sheath blight. [Conclusion] Validamycin A is safe for the primary metabolic system of Trichoderma asperellum. The resistance of the synergy is significantly higher than that of the single factor.