二型态真菌形态调控研究现状与展望

Advances in dimorphism transition in fungi

摘要:

真菌二型态(Dimorphism)是指某些真菌在外界环境因子的诱导下，其营养体可在酵母型(Yeast form)和菌丝型(Mycelium form)两种不同细胞形态间转化的能力。诱导二型态真菌形态转化的环境因子众多，不同环境因子诱导二型态转化的分子机制也不尽相同。二型态真菌形态转换常与致病性有关，在微生物发酵调控中也至关重要，研究真菌形态调控不仅有助于阐明二型态真菌的致病机理，还可丰富二型态真菌形态调控在发酵工业中的应用。本文从影响真菌二型态的外界环境因子、转化机制和真菌发酵形态控制等方面对二型态真菌形态调控研究现状及应用前景进行综述。

关键词:二型态真菌，形态转换，环境因子，形态调控，分子机制

Abstract:

Dimorphism refers to the peculiar capacity of several fungi to shift morphologically between yeast and mycelial forms in response to environmental factors. Various signaling pathways connect external stimuli and cell morphological changes. Although the dimorphism transition is usually related to pathogenicity, it also greatly affects cell behavior during fermentation. Investigating the morphogenetic shifts of those fungi not only builds the foundation for elucidating pathogenic mechanisms, but may also help identify novel regulation strategies for biotechnological applications. The present work focuses on the latest researches aimed at understanding the environmental factors and their underpinning molecular mechanisms, discusses potential biotechnological applications, and provides a comprehensive basis for further research.

Key words:Dimorphism fungi, Morphological switch, Environmental factors, Morphology control, Molecular mechanism