冠状病毒S蛋白及其受体的结构和功能

Structure and function of coronaviral S proteins and their receptors

摘要:

冠状病毒是有包膜的单股正链RNA病毒。作为人和动物的重要致病原，冠状病毒感染主要导致宿主呼吸系统、肝脏、胃肠道以及神经系统出现急性或慢性症状。2000年以来，传染性非典型肺炎和中东呼吸综合征的暴发，以及猪流行性腹泻病毒在全球猪群中的暴发流行，引起大家对动物冠状病毒的极大重视。S蛋白具有受体结合活性和膜融合活性，是冠状病毒感染细胞的关键蛋白；S蛋白在病毒的组织或宿主嗜性和毒力等方面发挥重要作用。本文重点对近年来冠状病毒S蛋白的结构、功能以及S蛋白与受体相互作用的研究进行综述，以期为冠状病毒的入侵机制和反向遗传学研究以及受体阻断药物的开发提供参考。

Abstract:

Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses carrying single stranded and positive RNA genome. The viruses are important human and animal pathogens, causing acute or chronic symptoms in respiratory, nerve, liver, gastrointestinal tract. From 2000, epidemics of SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) in human population and worldwide epidemic of PEDV (Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus) in pig population have made coronaviruses the focus of scientific research. Coronavirus S protein is the key protein involved in receptor recognition and membrane fusion. The S protein plays an important role in virus tissue or host tropism and virulence. This article reviewed the recent studies on structure and function of coronaviral S protein, and the interaction between the S proteins and their receptors, aiming to provide more information for research on the viral invasion mechanism, reverse genetics as well as the development of receptor blocking drugs.