应用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析河西走廊地区盐碱土壤微生物多样性

Microbial diversity in saline alkali soil from Hexi Corridor analyzed by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing system

摘要:

【目的】以甘肃省河西走廊地区的9个盐碱土壤样品(原生盐碱土、次生盐碱土、农田土)为材料，研究该地区盐碱土壤中微生物群落的多样性。【方法】提取土壤微生物总DNA，应用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术进行分析。【结果】从分布在河西走廊3个流域的9个盐碱土样品中共获得325 089条微生物的16S rRNA基因序列。冗余分析和热图分析表明，原生盐碱土与次生盐碱土、原生盐碱土与农田土微生物群落构成差异较大，次生盐碱土与农田土微生物群落差异较小。土壤pH对微生物群落组成的影响最显著。多样性指数和稀释性曲线分析得出，在9个土壤样品中，S6号Shannon指数最大，S1号Shannon指数最小，S1号Simpson指数最大，S6号Simpson指数最小，说明原生盐碱土的微生物群落多样性最低，次生盐碱土的微生物群落多样性最高。盐碱土壤中主要的微生物群落包括9个门，其中变形菌门占主导地位，其余依次是放线菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门、浮霉菌门、绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门、厚壁菌门和疣微菌门。原生盐碱土和农田土中占优势的微生物群落是变形菌门，次生盐碱土中占优势的微生物群落是放线菌门。【结论】河西走廊地区盐碱土壤中微生物多样性非常丰富，存在大量的微生物类群，尤其是在次生盐碱土壤中。

Abstract:

[Objective] In order to understand the microbial community structure and microbial diversity which was obtained at nine soil samples (primary, secondary saline alkali soil and farmland soil) in saline alkali soil from the area of Hexi Corridor. [Methods] Soil microbial total DNA was extracted. The microbial community structure and diversity were analyzed by using Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing system. [Results] Total of 325 089 partial 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained from the samples. Redundancy analysis and heatmap analysis showed that the microbial community composition were quite different between primary and secondary saline alkali soil, and were different between primary saline alkali soil and farmland soil, but the composition of secondary saline alkali soil and farmland soil were similar. Soil pH effected on microbial community composition was the most significant. The diversity index and rarefaction curves analysis showed that in nine soil samples, the lowest microbial diversity was No. 1 sample from primary saline alkali soil and the highest microbial diversity was No. 6 sample from secondary saline alkali soil. Saline alkali soil mainly comprised nine phyla, among which Proteobacteria was the dominant population, followed by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia. Proteobacteria was the dominant population in primary saline alkali soil and farmland soil. Acidobacteria was the dominant population in secondary saline alkali soil. [Conclusion] Microbial diversity in the Hexi Corridor saline alkali soil was very rich, there were a large quantity of microbial groups, especially in the secondary saline alkali soil.