滨海深古菌的研究进展

Progress in studies on Bathyarchaeota in coastal ecosystems

摘要:

深古菌(Bathyarchaeota)，原名MCG (Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group)古菌，是一类至今未被分离培养的古菌，普遍存在于海洋和陆地环境中。深古菌具有极高的种群多样性，目前已发现多达23个亚群。深古菌具有多种生理生化功能，能降解蛋白质、多聚碳水化合物、脂肪酸、芳香族化合物和甲基化合物等有机质，参与甲烷代谢循环，产乙酸，异化还原亚硝酸盐和硫酸盐，很可能是地球碳元素循环的重要驱动力之一。本文简要概述了深古菌的研究发展历史，阐述了深古菌的分子系统发育分析、分布和基于基因组的生理特征研究的最新进展，总结了滨海深古菌的研究现状，并对滨海深古菌研究的发展方向进行了分析和展望。

Abstract:

Bathyarchaeota, formerly known as Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group (MCG), are a newly named uncultured archaeal phylum with widespread occurrence in marine and freshwater sediments at relatively high abundance. Recently, 23 subgroups were found in Bathyarchaeota with diverse distinct physiological and biochemical functions, such as degradation ability on proteins, polymeric carbohydrates, fatty acids, aromatics and methyl compounds, acetate production, dissimilatory nitrite and sulfate reduction, participating in methane cycling, indicating that they are one of the most important drivers in carbon cycling on the Earth. In this review, we give a brief summary of recent studies on Bathyarchaeota, including their taxonomy, distribution and physiological characteristics. In addition, we also highlight the current study on Bathyarchaeota in coastal ecosystems, and indicate the future research directions of Bathyarchaeota in coastal ecosystems.