降水和氮沉降增加对草地土壤微生物与酶活性的影响研究进展

Soil microorganisms and enzyme activity of grassland ecosystem affected by changes in precipitation pattern and increase in nitrogen deposition–a review

摘要:

降雨格局改变和区域氮沉降增加是近年来全球变化研究中的热点问题，而草地生态系统分布十分广泛，且大多位于生态脆弱带，易受到全球变化的干扰而失衡。土壤微生物及土壤酶活性是自然生态系统中土壤质量变化的敏感性指标，微生物与酶活性的变化可用来监测水、氮变化大背景下草地生态系统结构和功能的改变。基于此，综述了降雨格局改变和氮沉降增加及其双因子交互作用对草地土壤系统中微生物数量、微生物生物量、微生物多样性与酶活性变化影响的相关研究进展，为更好地预测评估并最终调控和保持草地生态系统稳定性提供科学依据，同时分析阐述了当前工作中存在的一些问题与不足，并对未来研究所面临的关键科学问题进行了探讨和 展望。

Abstract:

Changes in precipitation pattern and increase in regional nitrogen deposition have turned to be two hot issues in the study on global change in recent years. As grassland ecosystems are widely distributed over the globe and mostly in the ecological fragile zones, they are very sensitive and susceptible to the interference of global change and then lose balance. Soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activity are sensitive indicators of soil quality in natural ecosystems, They can be used to monitor changes of grassland ecosystems in structure and function under the grand background of changes in water and nitrogen. Based on this, a review is presented of progresses of the study on impacts of changes in precipitation pattern and increase in nitrogen deposition, and their interaction on number, biomass and diversity of soil microbes and enzyme activity, so as to provide a scientific basis for better prediction, evaluation and eventual control and maintenance of the stability of grassland ecosystems. At the same time, problems and shortcomings existing in the current work are analyzed and key scientific issues in future research are also discussed and previewed.