高盐环境可培养细菌噬菌体的研究进展

Advances in bacteriophages isolated from hypersaline environments

摘要:

病毒广泛存在于各类环境中并担负着重要的生态功能，其中包括高盐环境。对高盐环境病毒的研究已成为极端环境微生物研究领域的新热点，目前已被报道的100多株盐病毒中，90多株感染古菌，仅有14株感染细菌。本文综述了目前已知的14株高盐环境细菌噬菌体的形态特征、盐度响应及基因组学的研究进展，并分析了高盐噬菌体的形态多样性、生存策略以及包含在基因组中的进化和起源信息，分析结果表明：高盐噬菌体以有尾噬菌体为主；它们具有广盐性(Euryhaline)的特征，盐度极大地影响其吸附和增殖；它们与非高盐环境噬菌体可能具有共同的起源。高盐噬菌体虽然历经近30年的研究历程，但仅有14株被分离与培养，所以其分离纯化是今后重要工作之一，且结合免培养技术揭示高盐噬菌体的多样性与生态功能是其研究的发展方向。

Abstract:

Viruses play an important role in ecological systems and widely distribute in various environments, including hypersaline environments. The study of viruses in hypersaline environments has become a new hotspot in the field of extremophiles. To date, around 90 viruses out of more than 100 haloviruses have been described for extremely halophilic archaea, while only 14 viruses are known to infect bacterial halophiles. This article reviews the morphological properties, response to salinity and genomics of 14 bacteriophages isolated from hypersaline environments, and also analyzes their morphological diversity, survival strategies and original and evolutionary information in genomes. It reveals that the Caudovirales are the most abundant viruses in hypersaline environments. These bacteriophages are euryhaline and their adsorption and replication were affected by salinity. They may have common ancestry with those from other environments. Although after nearly 30 years research, only 14 bacteriophages were isolated from hypersaline environments. Hence, isolation and purification of halophages is one of the important works in the future, and studies combining with culture-independent technology to elucidate their diversity and ecological functions are the future developmental direction.