微生物氧化As(III)和Sb(III)的研究进展

Progress in microbial oxidation of As(III) and Sb(III)

摘要:

砷(Arsenic，As)和锑(Antimony，Sb)属于同族元素，具有相似的化学性质，是公认的有毒类金属(metalloid)，广泛存在于自然界中。随着人类的发展，环境中砷和锑的污染日益严重，类金属污染环境的修复已经刻不容缓。现已表明，自然界中的微生物在砷和锑的生物地球化学循环中发挥着重要的作用，尤其是微生物的氧化作用，可以将毒性较强的亚砷酸盐[Arsenite，As(III)]和亚锑酸盐[Antimonite，Sb(III)]氧化为毒性较低的砷酸盐[Arsenate，As(V)]和锑酸盐[Antimonate，Sb(V)]，被认为是一种潜在的类金属污染环境修复方法。本文就国内外对As(III)氧化菌和Sb(III)氧化菌的多样性、As(III)和Sb(III)微生物氧化调控机制和应用的研究进展进行总结，旨在为深入了解和探索微生物介导的砷和锑生物地球化学循环及污染环境的微生物修复提供参考。

Abstract:

Arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) belong to the same group in the Periodic Table of the Elements and show similar chemical behaviors. Both elements occur widely in the environment and are generally recognized as toxic metalloids. With the development of economy, the pollution of As and Sb becomes a serious environmental issue worldwide and threatens the health of human beings. Microorganisms are well known to play important roles in the transformation and geological cycles of arsenic as well as antimony in nature, especially microbiological oxidation that converts toxic As(III) or Sb(III) to less toxic As(V) or Sb(V). Thus microbial mediated oxidization of As(III) and Sb(III) can be a potential bioremediation for metalloid contamination. This review focuses on the advances of microbial diversity, regulatory mechanism of microbial oxidation of As and Sb and application of arsenite oxidizers and antimonite oxidizers. We try to provide insights into microbial mediated biogeochemical cycles of arsenic and antimony and the development of bioremediation strategies.