CRISPR-Cas9驱动的基因编辑新纪元

New era of gene editing driven by CRISPR-Cas9

摘要:

在自然界生物长期的进化过程中，细菌和古细菌演化出了一种适应性免疫系统用以抵御外源病毒与质粒的入侵，该系统由成簇规律间隔的短回文重复序列与相关基因组成，称之为CRISPR-Cas。近年来，这一领域突飞猛进，如今已经发展成为一种功能强大的基因编辑工具并在生物学及其相关领域得到广泛应用。本文重点综述了近年来CRISPR-Cas9系统在基因编辑、基因调节以及作为体外工具酶和特异性等方面的若干前沿进展。

Abstract:

During long-term evolution of life in nature, bacteria and archaea have developed anadaptive defense system called clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequences and CRISPR-associated genes (CRISPR-Cas) that protect organisms from invading viruses and plasmids. It has been recently used as a powerful gene-editing tool in a wide variety of important organisms. In this review, we summarize recent progresses on CRISPR–Cas9 system and its applications to gene editing, gene regulation, and in vitro DNA manipulations used as a programmable molecular clone tool.