李渡酒窖土遗址中微生物种群的鉴定与分析

Identification and analysis of the microbe in Lidu ancient earthen cellar

摘要:

【目的】对李渡酒窖土遗址的微生物病害进行防护和治理，对土遗址的微生物种群进行鉴定与分析。【方法】从土遗址现场采集具代表性的微生物病害样品3份，构建其16S rRNA基因和18s rRNA-ITS基因间隔区的克隆文库，测序后利用Mega 3.0和GlustalW 1.8软件对测序结果进行分析，并构建系统发育树。【结果】共获得72个有效的细菌16S rRNA基因序列，归属于3个门11个属；80个有效的真菌18S rRNA-ITS基因间隔序列归属于1个门7个属。细菌的优势菌为盐单胞菌属(Halomonas sp.)、甲基盐单胞菌属(Methylohalomonas sp.)和乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus sp.)。真菌的优势菌为：Cyphellophora sp.、毕赤酵母属(Pichia sp.)、外瓶霉属(Exophiala sp.)和瓶霉属(Phialophora sp.)。【结论】实验分析获得的优势细菌多具有耐盐碱的特性，这与酒窖土遗址的现场环境相一致；真菌中的优势真菌主要为丝状真菌和酵母。通过对土遗址内主要微生物种群的鉴定与分析，确定出了可能对土遗址造成严重破坏作用的微生物，为后期加固材料的耐微生物降解性研究提供了依据，该研究结果对李渡酒窖土遗址的保护具有重要意义。

Abstract:

[Objective] In this study, the microbial community structure of Lidu ancient earthen cellar was determined to provide reference for further microbial diseases prevention and protection of the earthen ruins. [Methods] We collected 3 representative samples from Lidu ancient earthen cellular to construct clone libraries of the 16S rRNA gene and 18S rRNA-ITS intergenic region and subsequently analyzed the sequencing results in order to establish phylogenetic tree by software such as MEGA 3.0 and ClustalW 1.8. [Results] A total of 72 16S rRNA gene and 80 18S rRNA-ITS intergenic sequences were obtained. All 16S rRNA gene sequences were classified into 3 phylum and 11 genera and all 18S rRNA-ITS intergenic sequences were classified into 1 phyla and 7 genera. The major bacteria included Halomonas sp., Methylohalomonas sp. and Lactobacillus sp. The major fungi included Cyphellophora sp., Pichia sp., Exophiala sp. and Phialophora sp. [Conclusion] Among the microbes we identified in this earthen ruins, dominant bacteria are slat-tolerant, which mainly caused by the earthen cellar’s environmental condition. Major fungus is filamentous fungi and yeast. It is important to identify the microbes which could destroy the earthen ruins, because the result provides scientific basis for the study of reinforcement material against these microorganisms and the protection of the Lidu ancient earthen cellar.