Abstract:[Objective] In order to study soil bacterial community diversity and space-time analysis, we chose Usu mud volcano in Xinjiang province as the research object. [Methods] we selected four different soil habitats to take samples in April, July, November, 2014. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing with 16S rRNA V3-V4 variable region was adopted to analyze the bacterial community structures of Usu mud volcano in Xinjiang province. [Results] a total number of 29 005 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from mud volcano soil under the similarity level of 97%. For phyla level, we have got 38 groups of bacterial that the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant groups. For genus level, we have got 72 groups, but the most abundant genera were unclassified. Diversity index showed that the type D has a higher abundance effect and diversity index. Compared with the bacteria community diversity and physicochemical property, we found that bacteria diversity was decreased with the increasing of soil fertility, which shows negative correlations between bacteria diversity and physicochemical property. The results of PCA and heat map indicated that the community composition of type A has no significant variation with space-time dynamic changes, but type C is opposite. [Conclusion] Compared with traditional method, Illumina MiSeq sequencing can provide a more comprehensive understanding of microbial diversity in the environmental samples and these results reveal clues that it is possible to contain abundant microbial resources, and it lays the foundation of studying ecosystem of mud volcano and provides guidance for exploitation and utilization of microbial resources more reasonably in Usu mud volcano.
