原核微生物之杆菌和小杆菌

Species and genera of bacter and bacterium in prokaryotes

摘要:

原核微生物的发现已有约340年，成千上万的原核微生物被发现和命名。近年来，随着分子生物学技术的发展，众多新的种属已经得到鉴定和命名，对这些微生物系统的总结并对中文命名系统适当调整已迫在眉睫。本文试图对人类发现最早、总量最多的350多属1 500多种杆菌和120多属1 200多种小杆菌进行总结和归纳，从生境、形态学(动静态、形状和尺寸)、生物化学、细菌和古菌属性等特征层次规范这类菌属的命名，期盼有助于推动国内外微生物分类学发展，有利于推动国际交流与合作。

Abstract:

Tens of thousands of prokaryotic species/strains have been found and taxonomically designated since the first publication around 340 years ago. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology, numerous emerging taxa have been identified and designated. There is an imminent calling for a systematic summary of the known microorganisms and make appropriate revision of Chinese nomenclature what scientists have revealed, classified and Latinized. This paper tended to summarize the Chinese-Latin bilingual nomenclature for approximate more than 1 500 species in over 350 genera and more than 1 200 species in over 120 genera suffixed with -bacter and -bacterium, respectively, based on their characteristics and arrangement of biotope, morphology including motility, shape and dimension, biochemisty, and taxonomic domain position, i.e. Bacteria or Archaea. Expecting it contribute to promote the development of microorganism taxonomy in China and abroad, and to improve international communication and cooperation.