拟诺卡氏菌属放线菌研究进展

Advances in studies on the genus Nocardiopsis

摘要:

拟诺卡氏菌属是一个经典的丝状放线菌类群,在近十余年来获得了快速发展,目前已合格发表42 个种、2 个亚种。该菌群在土壤环境,尤其是天然高盐碱土样生境中广泛分布,同时从海洋、人居环境、临床样本、堆肥等生境中也能分离到。拟诺卡氏菌不仅能合成抗生素、酶抑制剂、生物表面活性剂等多种结构新颖的活性物质,而且还能产生多种具有潜在工业用途的酶,因此近年来引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。本文综述了拟诺卡氏菌分类学、生态分布与适应机制、代谢产物及遗传转化的研究进展,并对其研究趋势做了分析。

Abstract:

The genus Nocardiopsis has classical filamentous mycelium differential characterization. In the last decade, studies on this genus have got much attention and undergone fast developments. Until now, this genus comprises of 42 species and 2 subspecies reported. Members of the genus Nocardiopsis are widely distributed in soil, especially natural hyper saline or alkaline samples, marine habitats, clinical specimen as well as other ecosystems. Recently, researchers have isolated many bioactive metabolites from various strains in this genus, including antibiotics, enzyme inhibitors, immune regulators and biosurfactants, as well as enzymes, which have great potentials in pharmaceutical agents and biotechnology. This paper reviews the research progress of taxonomic studies, ecological diversity, adaptive mechanism, metabolites and genetic transformation of the genus, and also proposes the future directions.