赤杆菌科微生物分类研究进展

Advances in the taxonomy of Erythrobacteraceae

摘要:

赤杆菌科微生物隶属于细菌域(Bacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、鞘脂单胞菌目(Sphingomonadales)。依据16S rRNA 基因序列的系统发育分析结果,2005 年赤杆菌科被提议建立,成立之初由3 个属5 个种组成;在过去10 年中,该科的物种数量增加迅速;截止2015 年10 月,赤杆菌科合格发表6 个属44 个种。赤杆菌科微生物在土壤、热泉、海水和沉积物等环境中广泛分布,其在环境修复、食品工程及生物医药等领域具有重要的应用前景。此外,部分菌株具有细菌叶绿素a,营好氧异养生长兼具光合作用功能,是好养不产氧光合异养菌的一个重要类群,近年来其在全球海洋碳循环和能量代谢过程中的重要作用日益凸显,得到了国内外学者的关注。本文综述了赤杆菌科微生物的分类特征、生态分布和应用基础等方向的研究进展,并对其分类研究趋势做了分析。

Abstract:

Erythrobacteraceae belongs to the domain Bacteria, phylum Proteobacteria, class Alphaproteobacteria order Sphingomonadales. It was proposed in 2005 and included 3 genera, for a total of 5 species based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes. As of October 2015, the family Erythrobacteraceae includes 44 species with validly published names in 6 genera. Members of the family Erythrobacteraceae are widely distributed in soil, hot springs, sea water or sediments environments as well as other ecosystems. They have great potentials in pollution bioremediation, food engineering and biological pharmacy. In addition, some members of the Erythrobacteraceae contain bacteriochlorophyll α and are classified as aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, which play an important role in carbon cycling and energy metabolism in marine environments and have gradually become a research hotspot. This paper reviews the progress in the study of their taxonomic characteristics, ecological diversity, fundamental research for application of the family, and also illuminates future research directions.