根瘤菌分类的新进展

Advances in rhizobia taxonomy

摘要:

近十多年来，根瘤菌的分类几经变迁，不断地增加一些新的属种到这个重要的细菌群体。本文综述了《伯杰氏系统细菌学手册》第2版发表至今根瘤菌分类的新进展。近年来发表的相关文献表明：从不同豆科植物分离出来的根瘤菌之间存在着极大的多样性。目前，根瘤菌多数属于α-和β-变形菌纲以及1个属于γ-变形菌纲的属，共计17个属，近100个种。它们分别是：α-变形菌纲中的Rhizobium (根瘤菌属)、Sinorhizobium (中华根瘤菌属)、Ensifer (剑菌属)、Shinella (申氏杆菌属)、Neorhizobium (新根瘤菌属)、Pararhizobium (伴根瘤菌属)、Mesorhizobium (中慢生根瘤菌属)、Bradyrhizobium (慢生根瘤菌属)、Phyllobacterium (叶瘤杆菌属)、Methylobacterium (甲基杆菌属)、Microvirga (微枝形杆菌属)、Ocrhobactrum (苍白杆菌属)、Azorhizobium (固氮根瘤菌属)、Devosia (德沃斯氏菌属)；β-变形菌纲中的Burkholderia (伯克氏菌属)、Cupriavidus (贪铜菌属，原青枯菌属)；γ-变形菌纲的Pseudomonas (假单胞菌属)。目前世界各地约有748属19 700种豆科植物，而我国约有172属1 485种豆科植物，但在19 700种豆科植物中，只有23%的豆科植物经调查有结瘤能力。因此，有必要采用先进的方法研究不同地域的豆科植物，以此发现更多的根瘤菌新物种。

Abstract:

Over the past decade, due to the addition of new genera and species to this important bacterial group, the classification of rhizobia has been gone through a substantial change. The recent progress of the classification of the rhizobia from the second edition of Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology to date was summarized in the paper. Browse our selection of published papers have shown a great diversity among nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from different legumes. Currently, about 100 species belonging to 17 genera of α-, β- and γ-Proteobacteria have been described as rhizobia. Class of α-Proteobacteria include the genera Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Ensifer, Shinella, Neorhizobium, Pararhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Phyllobacterium, Methylobacterium, Microvirga, Ocrhobactrum, Azorhizobium and Devosia; Class of β-Proteobacteria include Burkholderia and Cupriavidus (formerly Ralstonia); Class of γ-Proteobacteria include Pseudomonas. There are about 748 genera and 19 700 species of leguminosae plants around the world, and about 172 genera and1 485 species of leguminosae plants in China. Among of the 19 700 species of leguminosae plants, only 23% leguminous plants have been surveyed the ablilty of nodulation. Therefore, it is necessary to survey the different regions of legumes using advanced methods, and we can obtain the new rhizobia resources.