硝酸盐型厌氧铁氧化菌的种类、分布和特性

Nitrate-dependent anaerobic ferrous/iron oxidation microorganism: review on its species, distribution and characteristics

摘要:

硝酸盐型厌氧铁氧化(NAFO)是指微生物在厌氧条件下利用硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐作为电子受体，将低价铁(二价铁或零价铁)氧化为高价铁(三价铁)的过程。具有NAFO代谢能力的微生物称为硝酸盐型厌氧铁氧化菌(NAFOM)。NAFO是微生物领域的重大发现，也是环境领域开发新型脱氮技术和地学领域研究铁、氮循环的理论依据。整理文献报道的NAFOM资料，分析NAFOM系统发育性状，探讨典型NAFOM的生态分布及其营养、代谢特性，以期为NAFOM菌种资源的开发、地球铁素和氮素循环的研究、NAFO过程的优化提供借鉴。

Abstract:

The process of nitrate-dependent anaerobic ferrous/iron oxidation (NAFO) is performed by specific microorganism, called nitrate-dependent anaerobic ferrous/iron oxidation microorganism (NAFOM), with nitrate/nitrite as electron acceptor and ferrous/iron as electron donor in anaerobic conditions. The discovery of NAFO is of great significance for the exploration of new microbial resources, the development of new denitrification techniques, and the new insight into Fe and N cycle in geoscience. In this paper, literatures about NAFO in recent decades were reviewed to analysis phylogeny, distribution, nutrition and metabolism of NAFOM. All the analysis aim at providing basis for discovering new NAFOM species, researching Fe and N cycle and optimizing NAFO process.