遗传改造酿酒酵母生产植物萜类药物的策略

The strategy of genetic engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce the plant-derived terpenoid drugs

摘要:

植物萜类化合物广泛应用于食品、医药、化妆品、农业等行业，在人们生活中起着越来越重要的作用，但因植物资源有限、生长缓慢、提取工艺复杂、生产成本高等影响，萜类物质在应用上受到很大限制。酵母作为一种简单的真核生物，不但具有遗传背景清晰、生长快、容易操作等优点，而且其本身存在萜类合成途径。因此，酵母常被用作宿主菌，在不影响正常生长的情况下，优化其萜类合成途径，使之适合植物萜类药物的生物合成。本文就萜类的生物合成、近几年改造酵母生产萜类取得的成果和面临的一些问题及建议做一综述。

Abstract:

The plant-derived terpenoids are widely used in the industries of food, medicine, cosmetics as well as agriculture, and it plays an increasingly vital role in the people’s life. However, terpenoids of natural sources are unavailable in sufficient amounts to meet the requirement of people’s life, because of the slow growth, complexity of extraction techniques and high cost of production, which make its application has been greatly limited. S. cerevisiae, as one kind of simple eukaryotes has the advantages of clear genetic background, fast growth and easy manipulation by genetic engineering. Furthermore, natural biosynthetic pathway of isoprenoids is also found in yeast cells. Therefore, yeast can be take as engineering host to reconstruct the isoprenoid pathway to fit the biosynthesis of plant terpenoids after fermentation. In this article, the biosynthesis process of terpenoids, along with the achievements and problems of engineering yeast to produce terpenoids will be reviewed.