提高黏膜免疫的方法及研究进展

Recent advances in the improvement of mucosal immunization

摘要:

黏膜是很多病原体入侵机体的重要入口，黏膜疫苗能诱导产生黏膜保护性免疫应答和系统性免疫应答，阻止病原微生物黏附、入侵和繁殖。但多数候选黏膜疫苗的安全性、稳定性、免疫效力及保护作用还无法达到理想的效果，佐剂或载体的使用改善了黏膜疫苗存在的不足，使黏膜疫苗有了广阔的发展前景。文章综述了提高黏膜免疫的方法及研究进展。

关键词:黏膜免疫，黏膜疫苗，佐剂，黏膜疫苗载体

Abstract:

The mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary tracts as well as the inner ear and the ocular conjunctiva are contiunously exposed to potentially pathogenic microoganisms and represent major dosease sites and entry points for harmful substances. Research has indicated that mucosal vaccination is capable of inducing protective immune responses both in the mucosal and systemic immune compartments, thereby preventing adhesion, invasion and colonization of disease pathogens.Many mucosal vaccines have been developed and evaluated, only a few of which were approved for human or animal use based on the safety, stability and efficacy of these vaccines. Application of adjuvants or vaccine delivery systems is able to efficiently improve these deficiencies. Here we will review current strategies for improvement mucosal immunization.

Key words:Mucosal immunization, Mucosal vaccine, Adjuvant, Mucosal vaccine vectors