弗郎西斯菌分类鉴定与流行趋势的研究进展

Identification and epidemic trend of Francisella: a review

摘要:

弗朗西斯菌是一类革兰氏阴性染色的苛养性细菌。该菌属的模式菌种——土拉热弗朗西斯菌是人畜共患病土拉热病的病原体。弗朗西斯菌广泛存在于土壤、草丛、沼泽等自然环境和被感染的动物宿主体内，可以通过空气气溶胶、节肢动物叮咬以及直接接触受污染的环境、物品和饮食等多种方式传播。近年来，世界各地有大量新型的弗朗西斯菌种的发现报道。我们课题组于2008年始，从城市集中空调冷凝水系统中分离了多株弗朗西斯菌，并初步发现了两个弗朗西斯菌属的新种，其中广州弗朗西斯菌已获得正式命名。然而这些新细菌的鉴定方法，流行病学特征均不十分明确。本文简要综述了弗朗西斯菌的分类现状、分离鉴定方法等最新的研究进展情况，供国内学者参考。

Abstract:

Francisella is a gram-negative fastidious bacteria. F. tularensis, the type species of Francisella genus, causes a zoonotic disease tularemia. Francisella was isolated from soil, grass, moor and infected animals. It can spread with aerosols, infected arthropod, contaminated water and food. In recent years, several species of Francisella were identified, including F. guangzhouensis and other potential pathogenic species, isolated from air-conditioning cooling water in Guangzhou. However, the identification and epidemic risks of these genus were unclear yet. This review summarized the recent advances in the classification, identification and epidemic of Francisella.