中国主要矿区油页岩可培养细菌的分离与鉴定

Isolation and identification of cultivable bacteria in the major oil shale mines in China

摘要:

【目的】研究油页岩本源环境中可培养细菌多样性，对于发掘利用尚未开发的油页岩细菌资源具有重要意义。【方法】以野外采集的吉林桦甸、广东茂名和辽宁抚顺3个中国主要矿区的油页岩作为研究对象，采用稀释平板培养法，以营养琼脂培养基对油页岩中的细菌进行分离纯化，并对分离菌株进行基于16S rRNA基因的序列测定和系统发育分析。【结果】3个矿区共鉴定出10属，其中抚顺矿的9个操作分类单元(Operational taxonomic units，OTUs)属于Pantoea、Brevibacillus、Paenibacillus、Microbacterium、Arthrobacter、Pseudomonas和Bacillus菌属；茂名矿的5个OTUs属于Bacillus和Sinomona菌属，桦甸矿的5个OTUs属于Staphylococcus、Acinetobacter、Bacillus和Arthrobacter菌属。【结论】3个矿区可培养细菌群落组成均较简单，且在门的分类层次上相似，即均具有厚壁菌门和放线菌门，抚顺矿和桦甸矿还存在部分变形菌门细菌。在属的分类层次上，各矿区差异较大。

Abstract:

[Objective] Survey of cultivable bacterial diversity in the oil shale deposits is important to use untapped bacterial resources in the oil shale mines. [Methods] We isolated and purified bacteria in the three major oil shale mines (Fushun mine in Liaoning, Huadian mine in Jilin, and Maoning mine in Guangdong) in China on the nutrient agar medium by the dilution plate culture method. Then we determined 16S rRNA gene sequence and did phylogenetic analysis of the isolated bacteria. [Results] Ten genus were identified in the three mines, including nine OTUs (belonging to Pantoea, Brevibacillus, Paenibacillus, Microbacterium, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas and Bacillus) in Fushun mine, five OTUs (belonging to Bacillus and Sinomona) in Maoming mine, and five OTUs (belonging to Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Bacillus and Arthrobacter) in Huadian mine. [Conclusion] The compositions of cultivable bacterial communities in the three mines were simple and similar at the phylum level, mainly including Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Some Proteobacteria existed in Fushun mine and Huadian mine. However, their compositions in the three mines had quite differences at the genera level.