海洋放线菌盐孢菌属研究进展

Recent advance in the marine genus Salinispora

摘要:

1991年，Jensen等从热带及亚热带海洋样品中分离获得了放线菌目专性海洋放线菌类群MAR1。根据形态学特征、生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因分析，提议该类群为新属——盐孢菌属(Salinospora)。2005年，盐孢菌属被正式报道，并将Salinospora更正为Salinispora。盐孢菌属是放线菌目第一个被报道的专性海洋微生物属，可以产生丰富的活性次级代谢产物，使盐孢菌属成为海洋微生物研究的热点。短短几年内，相继报道了许多研究成果。本文从盐孢菌属的建立过程、属及所含种的分类特征、生理生态学研究、次级代谢产物和分子生物学研究等方面对盐孢菌属的研究进展进行综述。

Abstract:

A major group of obligate marine bacteria (designated MAR 1) within the order Actinomycetales has been discovered from tropical and sub-tropical ocean sediments, and was proposed to establish a novel genus Salinospora based on morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The genus was validly published in 2005 and the name proposed for this novel taxon was corrected as Salinispora, which is the first obligate marine genus within the order Actinomycetales. Moreover, Salinispora is a rich source of novel biologically active secondary metabolites. In recent years, lots of research achievements on the genus Salinispora were reported. The objective of this review is to summarize the research advance, such as establish process of the genus, the taxonomic characteristics, physiological and ecological research, as well as recent studies in molecular biology and secondary metabolites in the genus Salinispora.