分子生物学技术在肠道菌群研究中的进展

Research advancement of molecular biological technology in the study of intestinal flora

摘要:

人的肠道中栖息着大量微生物，这些微生物与宿主形成一个相互依赖且相互制约的微生态系统。肠道菌群结构与遗传、饮食、疾病、环境等因素存在千丝万缕的联系，其地位与作用相当于一个后天获得的“器官”，对人体的消化、营养吸收、能量供应、脂肪代谢、免疫调节、抗病等诸多方面有不可替代的作用，因此，研究人的肠道菌群具有十分重要的意义和作用。本综述着重论述荧光原位杂交(FISH)、基于聚合酶链式反应的变性梯度凝胶电泳(Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis，PCR-DGGE)技术、实时荧光定量PCR (Real-time polymerase chain reaction)技术、基因芯片(Gene chip)技术及以焦磷酸测序平台为代表的第二代测序技术等多种分子生物学技术在肠道菌群研究方面的应用，并对未来肠道菌群方面的研究进行展望。

Abstract:

Abundant of microorganism colonized in the gastrointestinal tract. They constructed a mutually dependent and restrained micro-ecological environment with the host. The composition of gut microbiota was closely related with the gene, dietary, health state and environment of the host. Furthermore, the gut microbiota was regarded as a post natal acquired organ and they played important roles in nutrient absorption and digestion, energy supply, fat regulating, intestinal epithelium renewal stimulating and immune system directing. This review focused on the research advancement of some modern molecular biotechnology in intestine microorganism research, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), polymerasechain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), gene chip and pyrosequencing platform as the representative of the second generation sequencing technology. In additions, it also made a future prospect for the study of intestinal flora.