鲟源嗜水气单胞菌拮抗解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的制备工艺及其特性

Production process technique and characteristics of microcapsules of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against sturgeon-pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila

摘要:

【目的】优化鲟源嗜水气单胞菌拮抗解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的制备工艺，并观察其特性。【方法】以明胶为壁材，采用单因素法，考察了明胶浓度、进风温度、进料速度、空气流量等因素对解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊有效含菌量的影响，并进一步通过正交试验设计优化制备解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的喷雾干燥工艺参数，观察其微胶囊颗粒形态以及对人工模拟胃液和肠液的耐受力。【结果】解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊喷雾干燥的最佳制备工艺条件为：明胶浓度为3%，进风温度为155 °C，进料速度为8 mL/min，空气流量为700 L/h，各因素对其喷雾干燥工艺的影响程度为：明胶浓度>进料速度>空气流量>进风温度。此外，解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的颗粒呈球形，表面有凹陷，但没有孔和裂纹，颗粒粒径分布基本均匀，平均大小为9.22 μm，对人工模拟胃液和肠液具有较好的耐受力，对鲟源嗜水气单胞菌具有良好的生长抑制效果。【结论】本研究结果为鲟源嗜水气单胞菌拮抗解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的工业化生产奠定了基础。

关键词:解淀粉芽孢杆菌，微胶囊，制备工艺，特性

Abstract:

[Objective] The aim of the present study was to optimize the production process technique of microcapsules of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against sturgeon-pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, and to observe their characteristics. [Methods] Based on the use of gelatin as the wall materials, the influences of gelatin concentration, inlet temperature, feeding speed and air flow on the viable cells in B. amyloliquefaciens microcapsules were assayed using single factor method, the spray drying processing parameters of its microcapsules were optimized through orthogonal experimental design, and their morphology and tolerance to artificial gastric and intestinal juices were further examined. [Results] The experimental results showed that the optimum spray drying processing parameters to prepare B. amyloliquefaciens microcapsules were gelatin concentration of 3%, inlet temperature of 155 °C, feeding speed of 8 mL/min and air flow of 700 L/h, and the most leading influence factor on the production of B. amyloliquefaciens microcapsules was the gelatin concentration, followed by feeding speed, air flow and inlet temperature. In addition, B. amyloliquefaciens microcapsules were spherical, featured dimpled surface without holes and cracks, uniformly-distributed with an average size of 9.22 μm. They were also found to have good tolerance to artificial gastric and intestinal juices, and exhibited a good inhibitory effect on the growth of sturgeon Aeromonas hydrophila. [Conclusion] The present study laid a good foundation for the industrial production of B. amyloliquefaciens microcapsules.

Key words:Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Microcapsules, Production process technique, Characteristics