嗜热解烃菌DM-2产生的生物乳化剂

Bio-emulsifier produced by a thermophilic hydrocarbon-degrading strain DM-2

摘要:

【目的】生物乳化剂是一类由微生物代谢产生的大分子生物表面活性物质，从胜利油田中1区N3块地层环境中筛选到一株能产生一种生物乳化剂的嗜热解烃菌DM-2，经鉴定为嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌(Geobacillus stearothermophilus)，研究其产生的生物乳化剂的化学组成和理化性质。【方法】采用化学显色、红外光谱、高效液相色谱和氨基酸自动分析等方法确定乳化剂的化学组成；根据乳化剂在不同条件下的乳化指数(EI-24)确定其理化性质。【结果】菌株DM-2产生的乳化剂主要由多糖(71.4%，质量比)和蛋白(27.75%，质量比)组成，对柴油、苯、二甲苯和煤油等石油烃均有很好的乳化效果。理化性质分析显示它是一种耐高温、耐盐、耐酸碱的高效乳化剂。【结论】菌株DM-2产生的乳化剂是一种新型的生物乳化剂，在石油开采、原油集输、油罐清洗和石油污染治理等领域具有潜在的应用价值。

Abstract:

[Objective] A thermophilic hydrocarbon-degrading strain DM-2, isolated from Shengli oilfield and identified as Geobacillus stearothermophilus, produced an extracellular bio-emulsifier. [Methods] To characterize the bio-emulsifier, its chemical composition was determined by colorimetric method, infrared spectroscopy, HPLC and amino acid automatic analyzer. [Results] The bio-emulsifier is consisted of polysaccharides (71.4%, W/W) and polypeptide (27.75%, W/W). It could emulsify diesel, benzene, xylene and kerosene. It tolarated high temperature, salt and pH. [Conclusion] The bio-emulsifier produced by strain DM-2 is a novel bio-emulsifier and has potential applications in the oil exploitation, oil recovery and transportation, oil tank cleaning, and oil pollution regulation.