中国植物内生微生物研究的发展和展望

Progresses and perspectives of studies on plant endophytic microbes in China

摘要:

我国植物内生微生物的早期研究论文，基本上以非豆科植物根瘤菌Frankia属细菌为主。进入21世纪后，植物内生菌的研究，无论是研究领域的扩大，研究人员的增加，还是论文数量的递增都有了迅猛的发展，为国际上少有。我国植物内生微生物的研究具有资源探索多、分离培养多、活性检测多、活性物质功能研究多；方法研究少、涉及林木少、与宿主的关联少、实际应用少等特点。其研究主要集中在红豆杉类、红树类、鬼臼类、兰、银杏等植物中的内生微生物。论文的发表以药物开发为研究目标的最多，又以初级的资源探索型为最。以抗菌、抗肿瘤等指标为主的药物开发，是植物内生微生物研究中最耀眼的亮点，目前已获得了紫杉醇生产效率较高的内生真菌菌株资源。我国植物内生微生物研究有4大类24个应用研究的方向，其中特别值得关注的是豆科植物根瘤内生细菌的研究；尚待加强的有6个方面，尤其是深色有隔内生真菌(DSE)的研究。我国植物内生微生物研究在药用植物内生微生物的资源探索和筛选方面积累较丰富，而在有害内生微生物方面的研究则比较薄弱。最后，作者提示了一些尚待加强的研究技术，供相关人员参考。

Abstract:

Early start of studies on plant endophytic microbes in China mainly focused on actinomycetes Frankia spp.. Since 2000, studies on plant endophytic microbes grow rapidly in various areas and people engaged in. Studies on plant endophytic microbes in China could be characterized as abundant in resource investigations, isolation and incubation, detection of bio-activities, functions of bioactive compounds; few in technological advancement, forest resources, association with hosts, practical applications. The common reported hosts are Taxus spp., mangrove, Podophylloideae, Ginkgo biloba, Orchidaceae. Most reports of resource investigations targeted in screening medicines. Advancements on antimicrobial and antitumor compounds, especially in obtaining strains which can effectively synthesis taxnol, ranked top of progress on plant endophytes. In this review, 24 applied branches within 4 classes of studies on plant endophytic microbes in China were listed, especially non-specific endophytic bacteria in nodules. Well, 6 aspects, including Dark septate endophytes (DSE) need to be improved in the future. Studies on plant endophytic microbes in China are rich in medical plants and resource discovery, while weak in harmful microbes. Finally, we list seven technologies need to be developed for consideration.