细菌对消毒剂抗性机理研究进展

The research progress of bacterial disinfectant-resistance mechanisms

摘要:

消毒剂通过抑制膜的主动运输、抑制微生物的代谢、扰乱微生物的DNA复制、使微生物细胞裂解而导致胞内成分渗漏以及使胞内物质凝结等方面发挥灭菌作用。消毒剂在杀灭细菌和控制细菌污染方面具有重要作用, 但细菌对消毒剂也会产生抗性。细菌对消毒剂的抗性机制主要通过形成生物被膜, 阻挡或外排机制减少消毒剂分子进入细胞, 使消毒剂分子失活, 以及其他表型性耐药等4个途径来实现, 其中通过形成生物被膜阻止消毒剂分子进入细菌细胞或在进入细胞前使消毒剂失去效用, 在细菌对消毒剂的抗性机制中具有重要作用。以实际污染的主要菌株为对象, 研究它们对常用消毒剂的抗性机制, 对控制细菌污染具有极大的应用价值和现实意义。

Abstract:

The way in which disinfectants effect sterilization can be summarized into the following aspects: restrict the active transport of membrane; hinder the metabolism of microorganisms; disturb the DNA duplication of microorganisms; and break the microbial cells in a bid to bring about the leakage of intracellular constituents and condensation of intracellular constituents. Disinfectant plays an important role in controlling and killing bacteria, but the bacteria can also acquire resistance to disinfectants. The mechanisms of bacterial disinfectant-resistance can be active through formation of biofilm, prevention or efflux system to reduce penetrating disinfectant molecules, inactivation of the disinfectant, and some other disinfectant resistance phenotype and so on. Among these mechanisms, the biofilm has a great importance because it can prevent the disinfectant molecules from penetrating into the bacterial cells or inactivate the disinfectants before they have penetrated into the cells. It is suggested that studies centered on the resistance mechanism of major actually-contaminated bacteria have great value and practical significance in controlling the contamination of bacteria in the future.