一种复合微生态制剂对养殖水体中生物因子的影响

Effects of a kind of compound probiotics on the several kinds of biological factors

摘要:

【目的】研究海水养殖池塘中投放以芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌为主的一种自主研发的微生态制剂对池塘养殖生物、微生物菌相、浮游生物的影响, 以期为建立微生物生态调控技术体系提供参考。【方法】实验期间, 每隔15 d于试验池塘中泼洒微生态制剂一次, 每月末取样测量水体和底泥中异养菌和弧菌密度、浮游生物种类和密度, 实验结束时测量养殖生物的生长率和成活率。【结果】该微生态制剂能够显著提高南美白对虾和三疣梭子蟹的存活率和生长速度, 试验组南美白对虾的存活率和体重增长率较对照组分别提高了11.3%和1 400%, 试验组三疣梭子蟹的存活率和体重增长率较对照组分别提高了1.2%和37.5%; 微生态制剂能够显著提高海水池塘的异养菌总数, 从而抑制致病性弧菌的数量, 试验组池水和底泥的异养菌平均密度在整个养殖期较对照组提高了58.5%和51.3%, 而试验组水体中致病菌——弧菌的数量在整个养殖期较对照组降低了39.7%; 微生态制剂使绿藻门和硅藻门的藻类密度明显增加, 对蓝藻和甲藻的生长有抑制作用。【结论】该微生态制剂能够有效地改善养殖池塘中生物群落结构, 提高某些养殖品种的生长速度。

Abstract:

[Objective] This papar was about the effects of a kind of probiotics on several kinds of biological factors in seawater ponds. The probiotics was independently researched and developed by our research team. The main components of the probiotics were Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.. The biological factors included three kinds of breeding living being and the microorganism and the plankton. The objective of this study was for establishing technical system of ecological control of microorganisms. The research methods were described below. [Methods] During the experiment, the probiotic was spilled in the experimental ponds every 15 days. The density of heterotrophic bacteria and vibrio of the water and sediment were measured at the end of the month. The species and density of plankton was investigated at the end of the month. The growth rate and survival rate of cultured organisms was measured by the end of harvest season. The experiment was carried out nearly three months. [Results] There were three results. Firstly, the probiotics could enhance the growth and survival rate of two kinds of breeding living being, including Litopenaeus vannamei and Portunus trituberculatus. The survival rate and growth rate of the Litopenaeus vannamei of test groups enhanced respectively 11.3% and 1 400% compared with the control groups. The survival rate and growth rate of the portunus trituberculatus of test groups enhanced respectively 1.2% and 37.5% compared with the control groups. Secondly, the probiotics could enhance the density of heterotrophic bacteria, and restrained the growth of vibrios. The heterotrophic bacteria density of test groups in the water was higher 58.5% than the control groups. The heterotrophic bacteria density of test groups in the sediment was higher 58.5% than the control ponds. The vibrios density of test groups in the water was lower 39.7% than control groups. Thirdly, the probiotics could improve the density of Chlorophyta algae and Bacillariophyta algae, and inhibited the growth of Cyanophyta algae and Pyrrophyta algae. [Conclusion] It came to the conclusion that the probiotics could effectively improve biology community structure and the growth rate of some farmed species in the aquaculture ponds.