死谷芽孢杆菌对香菇栽培料中木霉菌的抑制研究

Inhibitory of Bacillus vallismortis to Trichoderma parasitized in Lentinus edodes

摘要:

【目的】木霉是食用菌生产过程中侵染率较高的杂菌, 通常使用化学药剂消杀, 但这会带来农药残留问题, 利用死谷芽孢杆菌防治木霉展开研究。【方法】首先确定死谷芽孢杆菌抑制木霉的成分是胞内还是胞外物质; 其次有效物质经过提取, 分析其理化性质的稳定性; 最后研究在香菇栽培料中的初步应用效果。【结果】提取的死谷芽孢杆菌胞外分泌物属于脂肽类, 能有效抑制木霉孢子萌发和菌丝生长, 0.02 g/L即可达到62.8%的抑菌率, 对香菇菌丝生长影响较小, 且理化性质比较稳定。香菇栽培料中添加26.6%的36?h死谷芽孢杆菌发酵液, 对木霉菌丝抑制程度最高, 防治效果较理想。【结论】死谷芽孢杆菌产生的胞外分泌物对木霉有良好的抑制作用, 虽然对香菇的菌丝萌发也有一定的抑制作用, 但从减少农药残留问题考虑, 值得进一步研究。

Abstract:

[Objective] The inhibition of Bacillus vallismortis to Trichoderma was researched in this article, because Trichoderma was a harmful bacterial with a higher infection rate in the mushroom production and was normally killed by chemical agent with the result of pesticide residues. [Methods] Firstly, the components of Bacillus vallismortis were confirmed if they were the intracellular or extracellular materials. Then the stability of the physical and chemical properties of the effective component was analyzed after extraction. Finally, initial application in the mushroom cultivation was probed. [Results] The lipopeptide extracted from exocellular secretion of Bacillus vallismortis can effectively inhibit the germination of spores and mycelial growth. The inhibition rate could reached 62.8% with 0.02 g/L, little influence on the growth of mushroom mycelium, relatively stable physical and chemical properties. An addition of 26.6% 36 h fermentation broth of Bacillus vallismortis in the mushroom cultivation compound had the optimum inhibition on Trichoderma hyphae. [Conclusion] Extracellular secretions of Bacillus vallismortis had good inhibition on Trichoderma. It was worth further investigating considering the reduction of pesticide residues, though the mushroom mycelium germination was also inhibited at a certain degree.