敦煌莫高窟中细菌多样性的研究

The bacterial diversity in the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, China

摘要:

【目的】通过对敦煌莫高窟内细菌多样性及生理生化特征的分析, 为壁画微生物病害防治提供试验依据。【方法】采用纯培养与16S rDNA等技术对莫高窟245#窟内空气样品、壁画样品进行分析, 并在培养基中添加壁画颜料测试其对细菌生长的影响。【结果】分离出可培养细菌76株, 分属于8个属。其中空气中有6个属, 分别为Bacillus、Arthrobacter、Pseudomonas、Acinetobacter、Enterobacter、Kocuria, 优势菌为Bacillus、Arthrobacter。壁画上有Bacillus、Arthrobacter、Paenibacillus、Erythrobacter 4个属，优势菌为Bacillus、Arthrobacter; 并发现DHXJ05 (Enterobacteriaceae)、DHXJ08 (Bacillaceae)、DHXJ15 (Erythrobacteraceae)、DHXJ16 (Bacillaceae)和DHXJ17 (Bacillaceae)能在含有铁红、铅丹、朱砂的环境中良好生长。【结论】为后期研究壁画颜料的变色机理及选择相应的细菌防治制剂提供了条件。

Abstract:

[Objective] Analyzing the bacterial diversity, physiological and biochemical characteristics in the mogao grottoes can provide an experimental basis for microbial disease prevention and treatment of Mogao murals. [Methods] Both the air and mural samples collected from Mogao Grottoes 245# are analyzed by means of pure culture techniques, and testing effect of mural paint on bacterial growth. [Results] 76 bacteria belonging to eight different genera are identified and characterized. Six genera are revived form the air, they are Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Kocuria, Among them, Bacillus and Arthrobacter are dominant. Four genera are revived from the mural, they are Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Paenibacillus, Erythrobacter, among them, Bacillus and Arthrobacter are dominant; and it is found that some bacteria, such as DHXJ05 (Enterobacteriaceae), DHXJ08 (Bacillaceae), DHXJ15 (Erythrobacteraceae), DHXJ16 (Bacillaceae) and DHXJ17 (Bacillaceae) can grow well in environment containing red ferric oxide, red lead, and cinnabar. [Conclusion] This experiment provide the conditions for discolorment mechanism and choosing corresponding bacterial preparation.