植物修复重金属污染及内生细菌效应

Phytoremediation of heavy metals and its endophytic bacteria effects

摘要:

土壤和水体的重金属污染已严重危害人类生存环境与健康。由于受重金属污染的环境分布广泛, 迫切需要开发经济的清除环境重金属的技术。植物修复是通过绿色植物降解或移除环境污染物, 有望成为重金属污染环境的原位修复技术。植物内生菌是指定殖于健康植物的各种组织和器官内部的细菌, 被感染的宿主植物不表现出外在病症, 耐重金属的内生菌在多种超富集植物中存在。在植物修复过程中, 野生型内生菌或基因工程内生菌的抗性系统能降低重金属植物毒性， 促进其迁移金属。耐重金属内生菌还可以通过固氮、溶解矿物元素及产生类植物激素、铁载体和ACC脱氨酶等产物促进植物的生长。主要综述目前植物-内生菌相互作用及其潜在的促进植物修复重金属污染的研究进展。

Abstract:

Pollution of soils and water with heavy metals is becoming one of the most severe environmental and human health hazards. Innovative ways are pressed for cleaning widespread heavy metals contamination. Phytoremediation is a remediation technology that requires the use of green plants to remove pollutants from the environment. Endophytic bacteria colonize within plant hosts without causing symptoms of infection or negative effects. The metal resistant endophytes are present in various hyperccumulatorplants. During phytoremediation of metals, the wild-type or engineered endophytes can lower metal phytotoxicity and enhance heavy metal translocation to plant through its metal-resistance system. Moreover, the metal resirtant endophytes can indirectly benefit plant growth by various mechanisms such as nitrogen fixation, solubilization of minerals production of phytohormines, siderophors, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. This review describes the potential for exploiting plant-endophyte pertnerships to improve phytoremediation of heavy metals.