植酸酶的多样性及其分类

Diversity and Classification of Phytases

摘要:

植酸酶是一类催化植酸水解逐步释放磷酸基团形成低级肌醇磷酸衍生物的正磷酸单酯磷酸水解酶。植酸酶在动物营养、资源环境保护和人类健康等领域有巨大的应用潜力。目前, 人们对植酸酶的多样性及其分类的认识比较模糊甚至错误, 严重影响了植酸酶的研究进程和水平。首先简要概述了基于最适pH和立体专一性的植酸酶分类, 然后着重论述了基于结构和催化机理的植酸酶分类及其代表酶特征的最新研究进展, 最后探讨了根据不同分类标准特别是基于结构和催化机理准确理解和全面表征各种植酸酶的重要性, 以期为植酸酶的研究和应用提供参考。

Abstract:

Phytase is a type of orthophosphomonoester phosphohydrolase, which catalyticly initiates stepwise hydrolysis of phytic acid to release phosphate radicals and produce lower inositol phosphate derivatives. Phytase has great application potential in the areas of animal nutrition, resource conservation, environmental protection and public health. At present, the understanding in phytase diversity and classification is so confusing or even inaccurate that the research progress and level of phytase has been badly affected. In this paper, the phytase classification based on optimal pH and stereospecificity is briefly introduced first, and then the updated research advance in phytase classification based on structure and catalytic mechanisms and the attributes of the representative phytases are summarized and discussed comprehensively. It is of vital importance to take into consideration the classification standards especially to focus on structure and catalytic mechanisms when a given phytase could be fully and accurately understood and characterized.