海洋厌氧氨氧化细菌分子生态学研究进展

Progress of Molecular Ecological Research on Marine Anammox Bacteria

摘要:

厌氧氨氧化细菌是能在厌氧的条件下将氨氧化为氮气的一类细菌, 这类细菌执行着以前未被人们所认知的一个独特的过程——厌氧氨氧化过程, 据估计厌氧氨氧化过程对于海洋氮气的形成有30%~50%的贡献率; 海洋厌氧氨氧化细菌能与氨氧化细菌及氨氧化古菌存在潜在的耦合作用, 对于海洋氮循环复杂机制的阐述有着非常重要的意义; 同时海洋厌氧氨氧化细菌独特的细胞和基因组结构, 也成为了解海洋细菌进化重要的模式微生物之一。本文综述了近年来国内外厌氧氨氧化细菌分子生态学方面的进展, 并结合作者的工作对未来的研究进行展望。

Abstract:

Anammox bacteria can perform anaerobic ammonium oxidation, a long missing process which contributes 30%~50% to dinitrogen gas in marine nitrogen cycling. The potential role of anammox bacteria coupling with ammonium oxidizing bacteria and archaea will benefit to elaborate the complex mechanism of marine nitrogen cycling. Furthermore, the unique cell and genomic characteristics make anammox bacteria an important model microorganism to explore the bacterial evolution. Here we re-viewed the current status of molecular ecology of marine anammox bacteria and give a perspective into the future based on our understanding of the literature and our own work.