耐有机溶剂极端微生物的耐受机制及应用

Mechanisms for Solvent Tolerance and Application of Extremophile with Organic Solvent Tolerance

摘要:

耐有机溶剂微生物是一类新颖的极端微生物, 直到20世纪80年代才被系统深入地研究。它们通过各种耐受机制, 有效抵御或降低有机溶剂对其细胞产生的毒害作用。因此, 在全细胞催化、环境污染治理等领域, 耐有机溶剂极端微生物具有广阔的工业应用前景。此外, 深入透彻地了解耐有机溶剂极端微生物的各种耐受机制, 有助于利用基因工程技术改造和优化现有耐有机溶剂极端微生物的各种性能, 进一步拓展其工业应用领域。本文将从囊泡外排、改变细胞膜磷脂结构和组成等4个方面概述近年来耐有机溶剂极端微生物的耐受机制研究新进展, 并介绍它们在全细胞催化等领域的应用。

Abstract:

Organic solvent tolerant microorganism (OSTM) is a novel extremophile and it hasn't been systematically studied until 1980s. Relying on certain mechanisms, the OSTM is able to effectively defend and decrease the toxicity from organic solvents, which enable the OSTM to be potentially applied in the industrial fields such as whole-cell catalysis and environmental treatment, etc. The comprehensively understanding of the mechanisms involved in organic solvent tolerance of OSTM could be combined with genetic engineering in order to modify and optimize the various specifications of OSTM, and further broaden its application in other industrial areas. Latest studies on the tolerant mechanisms of OSTM, in this paper, will be reviewed from four aspects such as vesicle exocytosis and changes of phospholipid composition in membrane, etc. Besides, the application of OSTM in whole-cell catalysis and other fields will be introduced.