微生物对三苯基甲烷类染料脱色的研究进展

Recent Advances in Microbial Decolorization of Triphenylmethane Dyes

摘要:

三苯基甲烷染料广泛应用于纺织印染、医药、生物染色、造纸、皮革、食品及化妆品等领域, 常见的有作为抗菌剂的孔雀石绿和结晶紫等。由于其特殊的化学结构, 在环境中较稳定且难以降解脱色, 因此其生物脱色降解的研究可为印染废水处理和染料污染环境的生物修复提供理论依据。本文从细菌、放线菌、真菌及藻类等微生物对三苯基甲烷类染料降解脱色研究新进展做综述。通过分析不同微生物脱色三苯基甲烷类染料的中间产物来探讨其降解机理和降解途径, 同时论及功能酶的分离纯化、酶学特性及其编码基因的克隆表达新进展, 并分别从基础理论和应用两方面对微生物降解三苯基甲烷类染料未来的研究方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

Triphenylmethane dyes are widely used in textile dyeing, medicine, biological staining, paper, leather, food and cosmetic industries. Their special stable chemical structures make them difficult to be degradated and decolorized. The biodecolorization research of triphenylmethane dyes will provide the fundamental knowledge for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater and bioremediation of dye-contaminated environment. In this paper, the recent research progress in biodegradation and decolorization of triphenylmethane dyes by microorganisms, such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and alga, as well as the functioning enzymes and their coding genes, were reviewed. The decolorization mechanisms and degradation pathways of triphenylmethane dyes were discussed based on the decolorizing intermediate products of different microbes. The development and application of triphenylmethane dyes biodecolorization and biodegradation were also prospected.