一种枯草芽孢杆菌B29菌株拌种剂对大豆根腐病的田间防效研究

Field Control Efficiency of a Microbial Seed Dressing Agent of Bacillus Strain on Soybean Fungal Root Rot

摘要:

根腐病是黑龙江省主栽作物大豆的主要病害之一。生防枯草芽孢杆菌B29菌株对引起大豆根腐病的镰刀菌、腐霉菌和立枯丝核菌具有强拮抗作用。以枯草芽孢杆菌为主要成分的微生物拌种剂对大豆根腐病的田间防效结果: 播种后35 d调查, 4种不同处理的平均防效分别为50.2%、60.0%、48.3%、49.4%, 均高于30%多克福种衣剂的防效(44.9%)。第2次(50 d)调查, 处理4的防效(60.7%)明显好于化学种衣剂(48.6%), 处理3的防效与化学种衣剂的防效差异不显著。通过对生长期大豆出苗率、株高、鲜重和根瘤数等各项生理指标的调查, 结果表明枯草芽孢杆菌微生物拌种剂对大豆的生长和发育是安全的。经过黑龙江省6个不同县市的2年田间示范, 微生物拌种剂对大豆根腐病的田间防效达56.3%~89.1%, 增产率为9.4%~24.6%。

Abstract:

Soybean fungal root rot diseases are the most serious soybean disease problem in Heilongjiang province. The microbial seed dressing agent comprised of Bacillus strain B29 which showed strong antagonistic ability to the pathogens of Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani were applied to control soybean fungal root rot in field. The control efficiencies of the treatment T3, T4, T5, T6 on soybean fungal root rot after 35-day cultivation were 50.2%, 60.0%, 48.3%, 49.4% respectively, which were better than that of Carbendazim-Carbofuran-Thiram seed coating agent (T2). The second investigation after 50-day cultivation showed the control efficiency of T4 was the best (60.7%), while the control efficiency of T3 was not significantly different from T2. The control efficiencies of T5 and T6 were lower than that of T2. The microbial seed dressing agents were safe to soybean cultivation based on the investigation on seed germination rate, plant height, fresh weight and root nodules. The results based on 2-year demonstrating in field showed that soybean seeds germinating rate was more than 90% after seeds dressing by the microbial seed dressing agents, and the control efficiencies on soybean root rot diseases were 56.3% to 89.1%. It suggested that the microbial seed dressing agents were not only efficient to control soybean root rot diseases but also increased soybean productions.