矿山废水中微生物生态多样性研究

Diversity of Microbial Communities in Waste Mining Water

摘要:

从湖北铜绿山铜矿和山西中条山铜矿两地采集了矿山废水样品, 用RFLP方法(限制性片段长度多态性方法)分析不同矿山废水中微生物多样性及其群落结构组成变化。结果发现：通过16S rDNA基因序列的系统发育树分析, 在5个矿山废水样品中检测到的细菌主要分为4大类：即Proteobacteria纲、Nitrospira纲、Firmicutes纲和Bacteroidetes纲。通过对古菌16S rDNA 的PCR分析发现, 取自湖北铜绿山铜矿的样品中检测到古菌的存在, 而取自山西中条山铜矿的样品中没有检测到古菌的存在。检测到的古菌主要是属于Ferroplasma属和Thermoplasma属。结合5个矿山废水样品的化学元素分析结果和细菌群落结构数据, 进行PCA分析(主成分分析), 发现不同矿山废水样品的生物地球化学性质及其微生物组成存在很大差异, pH值、温度、不同浓度的元素如S、Cu、Ni和Co可能是形成细菌种群结构差异的关键因素。

Abstract:

The composition of microbial communities in five waste mining water samples (from Tong lvshan copper mine, Hubei province, and Zhong tiaoshan copper mine, Shanxi province) were studied, using culture-independent 16S rDNA based cloning approach-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis method. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the bacteria in these five samples fell into 4 major groups: Proteobacteria, Nitrospira, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Archaea were only detected in samples from Tong lvshan copper mine. Thermoplasma and Ferroplasma lineages were detected abundantly in these two samples. Meanwhile, the results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that biogeochemical properties affected the diversity of microbial communities in mine water. The pH, temperature and different concentrations of elements such as S, Ni, Co and Cu seemed to be key factors resulting in the diverse distribution of microbes among water samples in this study.