蛋白质组学在结核分枝杆菌研究中的应用

Application of Proteomics in the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

摘要:

蛋白质组学是在基因组学基础上发展起来的新兴学科, 其基本技术包括样品制备、蛋白质分离和蛋白质鉴定分析, 其中的核心技术是双向凝胶电泳技术(2-Dimensional Electrophoresis, 2-DE)和质谱技术(Mass Spectrometry, MS)。近年来, 蛋白质组学技术已应用于结核分枝杆菌的研究领域。应用蛋白质组学技术分离、鉴定、检测结核分枝杆菌致病株的全菌蛋白及分泌蛋白, 分析其蛋白组成, 可深入解析结核分枝杆菌的致病机理和耐药机制。通过对结核分枝杆菌致病株抗原的分析, 为研制预防结核病的新型疫苗拓展了空间。通过对结核分枝杆菌临床分离株的蛋白组成分析还发现了一些有意义的结核病早期诊断标志物。蛋白质组学技术还应用于寻找新的药物靶标, 在研制和筛选新的抗结核药物等方面展示了一些有价值的研究成果, 为更好地开展结核病的预防、早期诊断及治疗打下了基础。

Abstract:

Proteomics is an emerging discipline developed on the basis of genomics. The fundamental techniques of proteomics include sample preparation, protein separation, protein identification and analysis, and its core techniques are two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. In recent years, proteomics has been used in researching the field of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Proteomics promotes deep understanding of the pathogenesis of MTB and resistance mechanism via isolating, identifying and analyzing the whole-cell protein and secreted proteins. The development of new vaccine against MTB has showed some promising results based on proteomics. Some powerful early diagnostic markers have been discovered via analyzing the protein composition of MTB clinical isolates. Proteomics also applies to find potential new drug targets, and it has shown many valuable research productions in developing new anti-MTB drugs. In summary, the application of proteomics has built a solid foundation for the development of prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis.