油藏微生物多样性的分子生态学研究进展

Recent Advances in Molecular Microbial Ecology of Petroleum Reservoirs

摘要:

油藏微生物是一类宝贵的资源, 在油层生态系统的物质循环和能量流动中发挥着主导作用。传统上, 主要依赖纯培养技术, 使得大部分油藏微生物都没能得到充分认识。分子方法克服了纯培养方法中遇到的问题, 能更好地了解环境微生物群落多样性。近年来, 在油藏微生物群落多样性研究中的应用进展迅速, 对油藏微生物学和生态学的发展产生了重要影响。文中评述了近年来国内外在油藏微生物分子生态方面的研究进展, 并对进一步的研究提出了展望。

Abstract:

The microorganisms in the subterranean high-temperature petroleum reservoir is a kind of precious resource, which play an important role in matter circulation and energy flow in oil reservoir ecosystem. Traditionally, culturing techniques were used to analyze them, but it was hard to understand the microbial community diversity thoroughly. Molecular methods had overcome the pure culture bottleneck, which was very useful to analyze the environmental microbial community. In recent years, uncultured-based study of oil reservoir microbiology progressed rapidly, which produced important effect on the development of petroleum microbiology and ecology. In this paper, the current knowledge about molecular microbial ecology in petroleum reservoirs was reviewed and some suggestions towards further research were given.