猪流感病毒在世界范围内的流行情况及公共卫生意义

The Epidemiology of Swine Influenza Virus in the World and Its Public Health Implication

摘要:

猪流感病毒(Swine influenza virus, SIV)是引起猪的急性呼吸道疾病的重要原发病原之一, 常常与其他病原体混合感染造成更严重的损害。目前, 猪流感(Swine influenza, SI)已遍布美洲、亚洲、欧洲和非洲, 是规模化养猪场普遍存在且难以根除的群发性疾病。猪在流感病毒的种间传播和遗传进化中起着重要的作用, 猪可被禽流感病毒和人流感病毒感染, 因此, 猪被认为是人、禽和/或猪流感病毒通过基因重排产生新的亚型流感病毒的“混合器”。SIV不仅危害猪群, 而且同时具有感染人和禽的潜力。目前世界范围内猪群中流行的SIV亚型主要有3种：H1N1、H3N2和H1N2, 其中包括古典H1N1、类禽H1N1、类人H3N2、基因重排的H3N2和多基因型的H1N2亚型。研究表明, 禽流感病毒、人H3N2亚型病毒和古典猪H1N1亚型病毒在我国猪群中共存, 为产生含有禽流感病毒基因片段的重排病毒创造了条件, 这将对养猪业以及人类公共卫生都具有潜在的威胁。

Abstract:

Swine influenza virus (SIV) is one of the major pathogens associated with swine respiratory disease. The co-infection between SIV and other pathogens make the epidemic situation even more complex, so far the SIV have spread throughout the world. Pigs play an important role in the evolution and ecology of influenza A virus. Due to their susceptibility to both avian and human influenza viruses, pigs have been postulated to serve as an intermediate host for the interspecies transmission of avian influenza viruses to humans or as a “mixing vessel” for the generation of human, avian, and/or swine reassortant viruses. Currently, three predominant subtypes of influenza virus are prevalent in pig populations worldwide: H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2, and these include classical swine H1N1, avian-like H1N1, human-like H3N2, reassortant H3N2 and various genotype H1N2 viruses. There is evidence suggesting that avian influenza viruses had been transmitted to pigs in China. Introduction of avian viruses into pigs co-infected with human H3N2 or swine H1N1 viruses provide a favorable opportunity for the generation of reassortants containing avian genes and would thereby pose a significant pandemic threat to pigs farming and human health.