山西省蜡伞属真菌物种多样性及一新种的描述

Species diversity of Hygrophorus(Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales) in Shanxi Province and description of Hygrophorus brunneodiscoides sp. nov.

摘要:

【背景】蜡伞属(Hygrophorus)隶属于担子菌门(Basidiomycota)伞菌纲(Agaricomycetes)伞菌目(Agaricales)蜡伞科(Hygrophoraceae)，在世界分布广泛。【目的】对山西省的蜡伞属真菌物种进行资源调查，丰富该地区蜡伞属物种的多样性。【方法】采集标本并进行形态学观察及描述；提取DNA，测定内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer, ITS)；基于最大似然法(maximum likelihood, ML)和贝叶斯法(bayesian inference, BI)构建分子系统发育树。【结果】结合形态学特征和分子系统发育学共鉴定出山西省蜡伞属真菌11种，包括已知种10个，新种1个。本文对新种拟褐顶蜡伞(Hygrophorus brunneodiscoides)的宏观、微观形态特征进行了详细的描述、绘图及拍照，并提供了这10个已知种的子实体图片和山西省蜡伞属物种检索表。【结论】本文描述了发现于中国的新种拟褐顶蜡伞(H. brunneodiscoides)，证实了山西存在该属物种11个，并根据野外观察对这11个物种的地理分布及其与宿主植物间的关系进行了简要讨论。

Abstract:

[Background] Hygrophorus, belonging to Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae, is widely distributed all around the world. [Objective] To investigate the species of Hygrophorus and enrich the knowledge about the species diversity of this genus in Shanxi Province. [Methods] We collected fungal specimens, observed and characterized their morphology. After DNA extraction, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the maximum likelihood method and bayesian inference. [Results] Eleven species of Hygrophorus were identified based on the morphological and molecular evidence, including ten known species and a new species. This article described the macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics of the new species Hygrophorus brunneodiscoides in detail. The basidiocarp photos of ten known species and a key to the species of Hygrophorus in Shanxi Province were provided. [Conclusion] We identified a new species, H.brunneodiscoides, in China, confirmed 11 species of Hygrophorus in Shanxi Province, and briefed their geographical distribution and associations with hosts according to the field observation.