电化学免疫传感器在我国畜间人兽共患病诊断中的应用

Application of electrochemical immunosensors in the diagnosis of zoonoses in livestock in China

摘要:

人兽共患病(zoonoses)是指在人与脊椎动物之间自然传播的疫病。在人类已知的传染病中，60%是动物源性的。这些疫病对世界公共卫生安全、粮食安全及生物多样性等构成威胁。亟须开发快捷、灵敏的检测方法，在疫病发展初期进行快速诊断，对控制传染源、预防人兽共患病传播有重要意义。电化学生物传感器是集电化学与生物技术于一体的新型分析方法，能够快速实现对目标物质的定性、定量分析。具有操作简单、成本低廉、特异性强、检测范围广等优点。电化学免疫传感器作为电化学生物传感器的重要分支，已经广泛应用于临床诊断、食品安全、环境监测等领域。本文介绍了电化学免疫传感器的原理与分类，结合其在检测人兽共患细菌、病毒和寄生虫方面的研究进展，总结了电化学免疫传感器在我国畜间人兽共患病原体检测中的应用优势及存在的问题。

关键词:人兽共患病;电化学生物传感器;电化学免疫传感器;病原体检测

Abstract:

Zoonoses are infectious diseases that naturally transmit between humans and vertebrates, accounting for 60% of all known human infectious diseases. These diseases pose threats to public health, food security, and biodiversity on a global scale. rapid and sensitive methods for early-stage detection are urgently needed and of great significance to controlling infection sources and preventing the spread of zoonoses. Electrochemical biosensors represent an innovative analytical technology that integrates electrochemistry with biotechnology, enabling precise qualitative and quantitative detection of target analytes. Moreover, they are praised for the simple operation, low costs, high specificity, and broad detection ranges. As a notable branch of electrochemical biosensors, electrochemical immunosensors have been extensively applied in clinical diagnosis, food safety test, and environmental monitoring. This article introduces the principles and classification of electrochemical immunosensors and reviews their advancements in detecting zoonotic bacteria, viruses, and parasites. In addition, this article summarizes the advantages and challenges of applying electrochemical immunosensors in the detection of zoonotic pathogens in livestock in China.

Key words:zoonoses;electrochemical biosensors;electrochemical immunosensors;pathogen detection