人工合成菌群浸出黄铁矿和黄铜矿过程中群落结构和功能的动态变化

Dynamic changes in structure and function of a synthetic microbial community during the bioleaching of pyrite and chalcopyrite

摘要:

背景 利用嗜酸微生物浸出硫化矿是提取金属的有效途径，但自然微生物群落活性易受环境影响而不稳定。目的 构建一种由6株嗜酸(中温或嗜热)细菌[隐藏嗜酸菌(Acidiphilium cryptum) S30H60、喜温酸硫杆状菌(Acidithiobacillus caldus) SM-1、亚铁氧化酸硫杆状菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans) KD-1、氧化铁脂环酸芽孢杆菌(Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans) TC-34、嗜铁钩端螺菌(Leptospirillum ferriphilum) T30-1、热氧化硫化芽孢杆菌(Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans) T09-1]和1株嗜酸嗜热古菌[嗜热铁原体(Ferroplasma thermophilum) Ferro]组成的人工合成微生物群落，探究其在不同温度下浸出黄铁矿与黄铜矿时群落结构及功能的动态变化。方法 通过实时荧光定量PCR (qPCR)技术监测群落动态变化，结合浸出液的理化参数及矿物表面形貌分析，揭示了不同温度与矿物类型条件下微生物群落的演替规律及其对浸出效率的影响。结果 发现42 ℃条件下的浸出效率显著高于30 ℃，微生物组成以S. thermosulfidooxidans和L. ferriphilum为主，研究还发现一些菌种对不同硫化矿物的浸出具有明显的偏好性。结论 温度和矿物类型显著影响了人工合成微生物群落的结构与功能，高温下嗜热菌主导的协同作用提升了浸出效率，为定向优化浸矿工艺提供了依据。

Abstract:

Background Bioleaching of sulfide ores by acidophilic microorganisms is an effective approach for metal extraction. However, the activity of natural microbial communities is often unstable due to environmental influences.Objective This study constructed a synthetic microbial community comprising six acidophilic (mesophilic or thermophilic) bacterial strains (Acidiphilium cryptum S30H60, Acidithiobacillus caldus SM-1, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans KD-1, Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34, Leptospirillum ferriphilum T30-1, and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans T09-1) and one acidophilic thermophilic archaeon (Ferroplasma thermophilum Ferro). The study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in community structure and function during the bioleaching of pyrite and chalcopyrite at different temperatures.Methods Community dynamics were monitored by qPCR, and the physicochemical parameters of the leaching solution and mineral surface morphology were analyzed. The data were analyzed to reveal the succession patterns of the microbial community and its impact on leaching efficiency under varying temperatures and mineral types.Results The leaching efficiency at 42 ℃ was significantly higher than that at 30 ℃. The microbial community was dominated by S. thermosulfidooxidans and L. ferriphilum. Certain microbial species exhibited distinct preferences for leaching different sulfide minerals.Conclusion Temperature and mineral type significantly influenced the structure and function of the synthetic microbial community. The synergistic dominance of thermophiles at high temperatures enhanced the leaching efficiency. These findings provide a basis for targeted optimization of bioleaching processes.